Virus-Induced Lysis of Tumor and Other Pathogenic Unicellular Entities and Its Potential to Treat Leishmaniasis.

This article is focused on the main pathways used by viruses to achieve infection and lysis of unicellular eukaryotes described as pathogenic for multicellular organisms. In light of the recent discussions on how tumor cells exhibit unicellular behavior, highly malignant cells can be considered as another unicellular pathogenic entity, but with endogenous origin. Thus, a comparative panel of viral lysis of exogenous pathogenic unicellular eukaryotes such as Acanthamoeba sp., yeast, and tumors is presented. The important intracellular parasite Leishmania sp is also presented, which, in contrast, has its virulence improved by viral infections. The possible exploitation of viral-mediated eukaryotic cell lysis to overcome infections of Leishmania sp is discussed.

Assessment of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critically ill patients: physical therapists' knowledge and barriers to its use / Avaliação do uso da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular em pacientes críticos: conhecimento dos fisioterapeutas e barreiras à implementação / Evaluación del uso de la electroestimulación neuromuscular en pacientes críticos: conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas y barreras para su implementación

ABSTRACT Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is considered an important tool to prevent muscle mass and strength loss in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed to evaluate physical therapists' profile and knowledge of NMES and identify the main barriers to its use in ICUs. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted via a structured questionnaire created by the authors. It consisted of 12 objective questions to analyze physical therapists' knowledge of NMES use in critically ill patients. Physical therapists were invited to participate in this study during an international symposium on NMES. In total, 56 physical therapists, with a mean age of 33.5±7.2 years and working an average of 9.7±7 years after graduation, completed the survey. Overall, 34 respondents worked in ICUs, of which only four (12%) reported regular NMES use in their ICUs. We found a low average of correct answers to our questionnaire (25%; 3/12). The main barriers reported to using NMES in ICUs were lack of knowledge (28; 50%) and equipment (24; 43%). The number of correct answers expert and non-expert physical therapists was not statistically significant (p=0.68). Thus, we observed participants' poor knowledge of NMES use in critically ill patients. Respondents showed that NMES has been underused in their ICUs. Lack of knowledge and equipment seems to be the main barriers for the use of NMES in ICUs.

RESUMO A estimulação elétrica neuromuscular transcutânea (EENM) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para prevenir a perda de força e massa muscular em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil e conhecimento dos fisioterapeutas sobre a EENM e identificar as principais barreiras para sua utilização na UTI. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, por meio de um questionário estruturado elaborado pelos autores. O questionário foi composto por 12 questões objetivas que visavam analisar o nível de conhecimento dos fisioterapeutas sobre o uso da EENM em pacientes críticos. Os fisioterapeutas foram convidados a participar do estudo durante um simpósio internacional sobre EENM. Cinquenta e seis fisioterapeutas completaram a pesquisa, a média de idade foi de 33,5±7,2 anos e o tempo médio de graduação de 9,7±7 anos. Trinta e quatro entrevistados trabalhavam na UTI, e destes apenas 4 (12%) relataram que a EENM era realizada rotineiramente em suas UTIs. Observou-se baixo nível de conhecimento sobre o uso da EENM em pacientes críticos no questionário, com média de 25% de acertos (3/12). Ao comparar os fisioterapeutas especialistas e não especialistas, o número de acertos não foi estatisticamente significativo (p=0,68). As principais barreiras relatadas para a utilização da técnica foram a falta de conhecimento 28 (50%) e a falta de equipamentos 24 (43%). Os entrevistados demonstraram que a EENM tem sido subutilizada em suas UTIs.

RESUMEN La electroestimulación neuromuscular transcutánea (TENS) es una herramienta importante para prevenir la pérdida de fuerza y masa muscular en pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el perfil y el conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas sobre la TENS, así como identificar las principales barreras para su uso en la UCI. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional transversal mediante un cuestionario estructurado desarrollado por los autores. El cuestionario constaba de 12 preguntas objetivas cuyo objetivo era analizar el nivel de conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas sobre el uso de la TENS en pacientes críticos. Se invitó a los fisioterapeutas a participar en el estudio durante un simposio internacional sobre TENS. Cincuenta y seis fisioterapeutas completaron la encuesta, la edad media fue de 33,5±7,2 años, y el tiempo medio desde la graduación fue de 9,7±7 años. Treinta y cuatro encuestados trabajaban en la UCI, y de estos solo 4 (12%) informaron que la TENS se realizaba de forma rutinaria en las UCI donde trabajaban. Los resultados del cuestionario mostraron un bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre el uso de la TENS en pacientes críticos, con un promedio de 25% de respuestas correctas (3/12). En la comparación entre los fisioterapeutas especialistas y los no especialistas, el número de respuestas correctas no fue estadísticamente significativo (p=0,68). Las principales barreras reportadas para el uso de esta técnica fueron la falta de conocimiento 28 (50%) y la falta de equipamiento 24 (43%). Los encuestados demostraron que esta técnica es infrautilizada en las UCI.

Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Immunomodulatory Effects of Recombinant Lipoprotein GUDIV-103 Isolated from Ureaplasma diversum.

Ureaplasma diversum is a bacterial pathogen that infects cattle and can cause severe inflammation of the genital and reproductive systems. Lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs), including GUDIV-103, are the main virulence factors in this bacterium. In this study, we heterologously expressed recombinant GUDIV-103 (rGUDIV-103) in Escherichia coli, purified it, and evaluated its immunological reactivity and immunomodulatory effects in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Samples from rabbits inoculated with purified rGUDIV-103 were analysed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot blotting to confirm polyclonal antibody production and assess kinetics, respectively. The expression of this lipoprotein in field isolates was confirmed via Western blotting with anti-rGUDIV-103 serum and hydrophobic or hydrophilic proteins from 42 U. diversum strains. Moreover, the antibodies produced against the U. diversum ATCC 49783 strain recognised rGUDIV-103. The mitogenic potential of rGUDIV-103 was evaluated using a lymphoproliferation assay in 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester−labelled bovine PBMCs, where it induced lymphocyte proliferation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of interleukin-1ß, toll-like receptor (TLR)-α, TLR2, TLR4, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and caspase-3−encoding genes increased more in rGUDIV-103−treated PBMCs than in untreated cells (p < 0.05). Treating PBMCs with rGUDIV-103 increased nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide levels. The antigenic and immunogenic properties of rGUDIV-103 suggested its suitability for immunobiological application.

Connexin Expression in Pituitary Adenomas and the Effects of Overexpression of Connexin 43 in Pituitary Tumor Cell Lines.

Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is considered a key mechanism in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. GJIC structures are organized in two transmembrane channels, with each channel formed by connexins (Cxs). GJIC and Cxs expression alterations are related to the process of tumorigenesis in different cell types. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent 15-20% of intracranial neoplasms, and usually display benign behavior. Nevertheless, some may have aggressive behavior, invading adjacent tissues, and featuring a high proliferation rate. We aimed to assess the expression and relevance of GJIC and Cxs proteins in PitNETs. We evaluated the mRNA expression levels of Cx26, 32, and 43, and the protein expression of Cx43 in a series of PitNETs. In addition, we overexpressed Cx43 in pituitary tumor cell lines. At the mRNA level, we observed variable expression of all the connexins in the tumor samples. Cx43 protein expression was absent in most of the pituitary tumor samples that were studied. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that the overexpression of Cx43 decreases cell growth and induces apoptosis in pituitary tumor cell lines. Our results indicate that the downregulation of Cx43 protein might be involved in the tumorigenesis of most pituitary adenomas and have a potential therapeutic value for pituitary tumor therapy.

The contrast agent 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) induces cell death in tumor cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species.

The 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) is an iodine contrast agent used for visualization of tissue in X-ray techniques. However, TIBA induces physiological complications like increase in oxygen reactive species (ROS), and consequently, contrast-induced nephropathies. TIBA's antitumor activity was demonstrated in lung cancer, but the subcellular mechanisms involving its activity in tumor cells are still unknown. Thus, the objective of this work was evaluate whether the anti-tumor activity of TIBA involves ROS increase, in tumor lines of non-small cell lung cancer (H460), chronic myeloid leukemia (K562), and its cytotoxicity in normal renal epithelial (VERO). The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used for evaluation of cell viability, the H2DCFDA (cell-permeant 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) fluorescent probe to evaluate ROS induction, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry to measure cell death, and immunofluorescence with annexin/7-AAD (7-amino-actinomycin D), to assess the association of cell death with the ROS generation. TIBA decreases cell viability in a dose-dependent manner for the H460 and K562. However, VERO cells showed less response to the drug, with 70% viable cells after 72 h of treatment in the highest concentration of the drug. While the tumor cells with only 20% viable cells. Besides, tumor cells exhibited higher DNA fragmentation, compared to the renal line (VERO with 5% of fragmented DNA, H460 with 26%, and 56% in K562). Finally, TIBA-induced ROS increase and apoptosis in all lines, which is significantly decreased after treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). These data demonstrate the relationship between the increased cellular oxidative stress and the anti-tumor action of the TIBA.

Immunoinformatics and analysis of antigen distribution of Ureaplasma diversum strains isolated from different Brazilian states.

BACKGROUND: Ureaplasma diversum has numerous virulence factors that contribute to pathogenesis in cattle, including Lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate in silico important characteristics for immunobiological applications and for heterologous expression of 36 LAMPs of U. diversum (UdLAMPs) and, also, to verify by conventional PCR the distribution of these antigens in strains of Brazilian states (Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Mato Grosso do Sul). The Manatee database was used to obtain the gene and peptide sequences of the antigens. Similarity and identity studies were performed using BLASTp and direct antigenicity was evaluated by the VaxiJen v2.0 server. Epitope prediction for B lymphocytes was performed on the BepiPred v2.0 and CBTOPE v1.0 servers. NetBoLApan v1.0 was used to predict CD8+ T lymphocyte epitopes. Subcellular location and presence of transmembrane regions were verified by the software PSORTb v3.0.2 and TMHMM v2.2 respectively. SignalP v5.0, SecretomeP v2.0, and DOLOP servers were used to predict the extracellular excretion signal. Physico-chemical properties were evaluated by the web-software ProtParam, Solpro, and Protein-sol. RESULTS: In silico analysis revealed that many UdLAMPs have desirable properties for immunobiological applications and heterologous expression. The proteins gudiv_61, gudiv_103, gudiv_517, and gudiv_681 were most promising. Strains from the 4 states were PCR positive for antigens predicted with immunogenic and/or with good characteristics for expression in a heterologous system. CONCLUSION: These works contribute to a better understanding of the immunobiological properties of the UdLAMPs and provide a profile of the distribution of these antigens in different Brazilian states.

The Structure and Mute Zone of Social Representations Made by Members of the Municipal Council for the Rights of the Elderly / Estrutura e Zona Muda das Representações Sociais de Conselheiros Municipais do Idoso / Estructura y Zona Muda de Representaciones Sociales de Consejeros Municipales del Anciano

Abstract The Municipal Council of the Elderly is the body established by law to watch over the rights of the elderly and it is up to them to submit, opine, discuss, debate and decide, by vote, issues related to the rights of the elderly. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze how the social representations of counselors about the elderly municipal council are organized and the possible elements that make up the mute zone. A total of 72 counselors participated in the survey, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and a hierarchical free speech evocation test in situations of normal collection and substitution, based on the inductive term "municipal council of the elderly". The data were analyzed by the Prototypic Analysis and the Centrality Index of Social Representations from Evocations. The results showed that although the council is normatively represented as a body for the defense and guarantee of the rights of the elderly, elements of the mute zone in the central nucleus point it, against normatively, as an inefficient, unknown body of denunciation, which needs better planning and reorganization. It was considered that all social representation is masked, requiring further research on the subject.

Resumo O Conselho Municipal do Idoso é o órgão de direito instituído para zelar pelos direitos dos idosos e cabe a eles, submeter, opinar, discutir, debater e decidir, por meio de voto, assuntos relacionados aos direitos do idoso. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e analisar como se organizam as representações sociais de conselheiros sobre o conselho municipal do idoso e os possíveis elementos que compõem a zona muda. Participaram da pesquisa 72 conselheiros, que responderam questionário sociodemográfico e Teste de Evocação Livre de Palavras hierarquizada em situações de coleta normal e substituição, a partir do termo indutor "conselho municipal do idoso". Os dados foram analisados pela Análise Prototípica e pelo Índice de Centralidade de Representações Sociais a partir de Evocações. Os resultados apontaram que apesar do conselho ser representado normativamente como órgão de defesa e garantia dos direitos dos idosos, elementos da zona muda no núcleo central o aponta, contra normativamente, como órgão de denúncias, ineficiente, desconhecido, que precisa melhor planejamento e reorganização. Considerou-se, que toda representação social encontra-se mascarada, havendo necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre a temática.

Resumen Consejo Municipal del Anciano es órgano de derecho instituido para velar por derechos de ancianos, e que corresponde a ellos, someter, opinar, discutir, debatir y decidir, por medio de voto, asuntos relacionados los derechos del anciano. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y analizar cómo se organizan las representaciones sociales de consejeros sobre el consejo municipal del anciano y los posibles elementos que componen la zona muda. Participaron, 72 consejeros, que respondieron cuestionario sociodemográfico y Test Evocación Libre de Palabras jerarquizada en situaciones de recolección de normal y de sustitución, a partir del término inductor "consejo municipal del ancianos". Datos fueron analizados por Análisis Prototípico y por Índice de Centralidad de Representaciones Sociales a partir de Evocaciones. Resultados apuntaron que apesar de que consejo es representado normativamente como órgano de defensa y garantía de derechos de los ancianos, elementos de la zona muda en el núcleo central lo apunta, contra normativamente, como órgano de denuncias, ineficiente, desconocido, que necesita mejor planificación y reorganización. Se consideró, que toda representación social se encuentra enmascarada, habiendo necesidad de nuevas investigaciones sobre la temática.

Allantoin reduces cell death induced by cisplatin: possible implications for tumor lysis syndrome management.

Massive lysis of tumor mass in cancer patients under chemotherapy regimens generates high levels of uric acid, leading to what is known as tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase, converts urate to allantoin, which is readily excreted by the kidneys. Even though there is a high production of allantoin from urate in cancer patients following rasburicase treatment, there are no studies on how allantoin excess could interfere with chemotherapy. We have evaluated allantoin interference with cisplatin efficiency on the lung cancer cell line H460 in vitro. The cells were treated with cisplatin (33 µM), with or without allantoin, for 48 h, in the presence or absence of UV light, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for 24 h. Cell viability, cell cycle, ROS production, apoptosis and immunoblot assays were performed. We showed that allantoin reduced the apoptosis induced by cisplatin in the H460 cell line. However, the activity of carboplatin and oxaliplatin, betulinic acid, TIBA, UV and H2O2 was not affected by allantoin. NMR spectroscopy showed that allantoin reduces cisplatin activity through direct interaction with cisplatin.

Discalculia: revisão de literatura / Dyscalculia: literature review

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o que foi publicado nos artigos científicos entre os anos de 1996 e 2015 sobre a discalculia. Foram selecionados 36 artigos a partir dos descritores discalculia e intervenção (e equivalências em inglês: discalculia e intervention) considerando-se as bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde), MEDLINE (Medical Literature end Retrieval System on Line), PscyNET (American Psychological Association PscyNET), e ERIC (Institute of Education Sciences). Os dados foram analisados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, com o apoio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados apontaram para alteração no foco de interesse dos estudos. Inicialmente as pesquisas buscaram definir e diagnosticar a discalculia baseando-se em critérios comportamentais e de exclusão. Por conseguinte, as pesquisas centraram-se em intervenções voltadas aos aspectos neurobiológicos e genéticos relacionados ao transtorno.Finalmente, numa terceira e última fase as intervenções ocuparam-se dos aspectos relacionados ao meio social que interferem no transtorno. Conclui-se pela necessidade de pesquisas sobre discalculia do desenvolvimento que considerem intervenções multidisciplinares abordando tanto aspectos neuropsicológicos quanto psicossociais na busca por melhores resultados. (AU)

The aim of this research was to identify what was published in scientific articles between 1996 and 2015 on dyscalculia. We selected 36 articles from the descriptors discalculia and intervention (in Portuguese and English) considering the databases LILACS (Latin American Literature in Health Sciences), MEDLINE (Medical Literature end Retrieval System on Line), PscyNET (American Psychological Association PscyNET) and ERIC (Institute of Education Sciences).The data were analyzed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification, with the support of IRAMUTEQ software. The results point to alteration in focus of interest of the studies. Initially, at research seek define and diagnose dyscalculia based on behavioral and exclusion criteria. Therefore, the research focused on interventions related to the neurobiological and genetic aspectsrelated to the disorder. Finally, in a third and final phase the interventions minded aspects related of to social environment that interfere with the disorder. We conclude the need for research the about dyscalculia of development they deem multidisciplinary interventions addressing both neuropsychological and psychosocial aspects in the search for better results. (AU)

Análise estrutural do pensamento normativo e contranormativo de conselheiros municipais do idoso sobre a preparação para velhice / Structural analysis of thought normative and against normative of municipal counselors of elderly about the preparation for old age / Análisis estructural del pensamiento normativo y contra normativo de consejeros municipales de adultos mayores sobre preparacion para vejez

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar como se organizam as representações sociais e elementos que indicam uma zona muda de conselheiros municipais do idoso sobre preparação para velhice. Participaram 72 integrantes de Conselhos Municipais de Direitos do Idoso de seis municípios da grande São Paulo. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se Técnica de Evocação Livre de Palavras hierarquizada em situações de coleta normal e de substituição, a partir do termo indutor "preparação para velhice". Os dados foram analisados pela Análise Prototípica, com apoio do software IRAMUTEQ. Confirmou-se centralidade do elemento "saúde" na situação normal e na situação de substituição o mesmo foi considerado elemento periférico sobre ativado. Na periferia comum destacou-se possibilidade de zona muda que não aceita e não reconhece o próprio envelhecimento. Considerou-se existência de estereótipos negativos relacionados à velhice.

The objective of this research was to identify how to organize social representations and elements that indicate silent zone of municipal counselors of elderly about preparation for old age. Seventy-two members of Municipal Councils for the Rights of the Elderly participated in six municipalities in the greater São Paulo. To collect data, we used a Word-Free Evocation Technique hierarchized in situations of collection normal and substitution, from the term inducer "preparation for old age". The data were analyzed by Prototypic Analysis, with support of IRAMUTEQ software. Centrality of element "health" was confirmed in normal situation and in the substitution situation same was considered peripheral element on activated. In common periphery it was highlighted possibility of silent zone that does not accept and does not recognize the aging itself. It was considered existence of negative stereotypes related to old age.

El objetivo esta investigación fue identificar cómo se organizan representaciones sociales y elementos que indican zona muda de consejeros municipales del anciano sobre preparación para la vejez. Participaron 72 integrantes de Consejos Municipales de Derechos del Anciano de seis municipios de la gran São Paulo. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de Evocación Libre de Palabras jerarquizada en el situación normal y sustitución, a partir del término inductor "preparación para la vejez". Los datos adjuntos analizados por Análisis Prototípico, con apoyo software IRAMUTEQ. Se confirmó centralidad del elemento "salud" en situación normal y de sustitución el mismo fue considerado elemento periférico sobre activado. En periferia común se destacó posibilidad de zona que no acepta y en el propio envejecimiento. Se consideró existencia de estereotipos negativos relacionados con vejez.

PROGRAMA MAIS EDUCAÇÃO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA / More Education Program: literature review / Programa Más Educación: revisión de la literatura

O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre Educação Integral no Brasil no âmbito do Programa Mais Educação (PME). O PME surgiu como política pública implantada pelo Governo Federal para induzir a ampliação da jornada escolar e a organização curricular na perspectiva da Educação Integral. Foram localizados oito artigos sobre o PME, publicados entre 2007/2015. Realizou-se Análise de Conteúdo, focalizando-se: aspectos históricos, ideológicos e políticos da Educação Integral e principais benefícios e desafios do PME. Dentre os benefícios foram identificados a formação integral e a melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem. As dificuldades apontadas referem-se à estrutura física das escolas e à política assistencialista do PME. Conclui-se pela necessidade da ampliação da produção científica sobre o PME enquanto política indutora da Educação Integral.

The aim of this study was a literature review of Comprehensive Education in Brazil inserted into the More Education Program (PME). The PME emerged as a public policy implemented by the Federal Government to induce the extension of the school day and curriculum organization from the perspective of Comprehensive Education. The literature review included articles on CAPES Portal from 2007 to 2015. Content Analysis was also carried through with focus on the historical, ideological and political aspects of comprehensive education, and also on the main advantages and challenges of PME. Among the advantages, comprehensive training and improvement of learning process were identified. The difficulties pointed out concern the precariousness of the physical structure of schools and the program welfarist policy. We concluded that there is a need to expand the scientific production on the PME as policy that leads to Comprehensive Education.

El objetivo de este estudio es hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre la Educación Integral en Brasil en el marco del Programa Más Educación (PME). El PME ha surgido como una política pública implementada por el Gobierno Federal para inducir la expansión de la jornada escolar y la organización del currículo desde la perspectiva de la Educación Integral. Se encontrarón ocho artículos sobre el PME, publicados entre 2007/2015. Se ha realizado el análisis del contenido focalizando los aspectos históricos, ideológicos y políticos de la educación integral y principales beneficios y desafíos de la PME. Dentre los benefícios se identificaron: la formación integral y la mejoria de la enseñanza y aprendizaje. Las dificultades identificadas se relacionaron com la estructura física de las escuelas y la política asistencialista del PME. Se concluye por la necesidad de expansión de la literatura científica sobre PME como política de inducción de la Educación Integral.

Aumento da fadiga e redução da qualidade de vida após tratamento de câncer do colo do útero / Increased fatigue and reduced quality of life after treatment of cervical cancer

Introdução: o câncer do colo do útero (CCU) acarreta prejuízos físicos e emocionais, sendo um grande problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: avaliar fadiga, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida antes e após o tratamento com quimiorradioterapia para o CCU. Métodos: a avaliação de fadiga e qualidade de vida foi realizada por meio dos questionários: Inventário Breve de Fadiga (BFI) e Functional Assessment of Chronic Therapy ­ Cervix Cancer (FACT-Cx), respectivamente, já a capacidade funcional por mensuração direta pelo Teste do degrau (TD6). Participaram 11 mulheres com CCU. O Graphpad Prism® foi utilizado para estatística. Resultados: após a quimiorradioterapia houve aumento significativo da fadiga (de 2,80 para 4,83), redução significativa da qualidade de vida (de 107,8 para 88,1) e redução da capacidade funcional (de 91 degraus para 82 degraus). Conclusão: aumento da fadiga e redução da qualidade de vida foram observados uma semana após a realização de quimiorradioterapia para o CCU.

Introduction: cervical cancer (CC) causes physical and emotional damage and is a major public health problem. Objective: to evaluate fatigue, functional capacity and quality of life before and after treatment with chemoradiotherapy for CC. Method: the evaluation of fatigue and quality of life were performed through questionnaires the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Therapy (FACT-Cx), respectively, and the functional capacity by direct measurement by the Test of the step (TD6). Eleven women participated with CC. Graphpad Prism® was used for statistics. Results: after chemoradiotherapy, there was a significant increase in fatigue (from 2.80 to 4.83), a significant reduction in quality of life (from 107.8 to 88.1) and reduction in functional capacity (from 91 steps to 82 steps). Conclusion: increased fatigue and reduced quality of life were observed one week after the completion of chemoradiotherapy for CC.

Oncogenes: The Passport for Viral Oncolysis Through PKR Inhibition.

The transforming properties of oncogenes are derived from gain-of-function mutations, shifting cell signaling from highly regulated homeostatic to an uncontrolled oncogenic state, with the contribution of the inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor genes P53 and RB, leading to tumor resistance to conventional and target-directed therapy. On the other hand, this scenario fulfills two requirements for oncolytic virus infection in tumor cells: inactivation of tumor suppressors and presence of oncoproteins, also the requirements to engage malignancy. Several of these oncogenes have a negative impact on the main interferon antiviral defense, the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), which helps viruses to spontaneously target tumor cells instead of normal cells. This review is focused on the negative impact of overexpression of oncogenes on conventional and targeted therapy and their positive impact on viral oncolysis due to their ability to inhibit PKR-induced translation blockage, allowing virion release and cell death.

Representações sociais de idosos sobre velhice / Social representations of old age produced by seniors / Representaciones sociales de la vejez por ancianos

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e comparar representações sociais sobre velhice produzidas por idosos. Participaram 14 idosos de ambos os sexos divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1, constituído por idosos com escolaridade média de 11 anos e maior nível econômico, e grupo 2, com média de 3 anos de escolaridade e baixo nível econômico. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário sociodemografico e entrevista semiestruturada. Foi realizada Classificação Hierárquica Descendente dos dados coletados com o apoio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados indicam que as representações sociais identificadas no grupo 1 apontam para a velhice como um período para aproveitar amigos, participar de atividades e cuidar de si. No grupo 2 a representação de velhice está pautada na desesperança, frustração, aceitação e preocupação com o futuro. Conclui-se que maiores níveis econômico e de escolaridade e o apoio da família na vida dos idosos favorece a construção de representações positivas da velhice.

The objective of this research was to identify and compare social representations of old age produced by seniors. There were 14 participants elderly of both sexes, divided into two groups: Group 1 consists of seniors with higher education to 11 years and higher economic level and Group 2 elderly with up to 3 years of schooling and low economic level. To collect data we used questionnaire sociodemographic and semi-structured interview. Descending Hierarchical Classification of data collected with the support of IRAMUTEQ software was performed. The results indicate that social representations identified in Group 1 for old age as a period to avail the friends, participate in activities and care for themselves. In group 2 the old age representation is guided in hopelessness, frustration, acceptance and concern for the future. We conclude that the major level economic and schooling and family support in the lives of elderly favors the construction of positive representations of old age.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y comparar las representaciones sociales de la vejez producido por ancianos. Participaran 14 ancianos, ambos sexos, divididos en dos grupos: grupo 1 se compone de más alto nivel educativo y económico y el grupo 2 con un menor nivel educativo y económico. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó cuestionario sociodemográfico y entrevista semiestructurada. Se llevó a cabo la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendiente de los datos recogidos, con el software IRAMUTEQ. Los resultados muestran que las representaciones sociales del grupo 1 indican la vejez como un momento para disfrutar de los amigos, participar en actividades y cuidarse a sí mismos. En el grupo 2 la representación de la vejez se guía en desesperanza, frustración, aceptación y preocupación por el futuro. Se concluye que el mayor nivel económico y de educación y apoyo de la familia en la vida de los ancianos pueden favorecer la construcción de representaciones positivas de la vejez.